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| Topic | Details |
|---|
Server Architecture - 12% |
| Explain the purpose and function of server form factors. | 1.Rack mount- Dimensions
1U, 2U, 4U - Cable management arms
- Rail kits
2.Tower
3.Blade technology- Blade enclosure
Backplane/midplane
Power supply sockets
Network modules/switches
Management modules - Blade server
|
| Given a scenario, install, configure and maintain server components. | 1.CPU- Multiprocessor vs. multicore
- Socket type
- Cache levels: L1, L2, L3
- Speeds
Core
Bus
Multiplier - CPU stepping
- Architecture
x86
x64
ARM
2.RAM- ECC vs. non-ECC
- DDR2, DDR3
- Number of pins
- Static vs. dynamic
- Module placement
- CAS latency
- Timing
- Memory pairing
3. Bus types, bus channels and expansion slots- Height differences and bit rate differences
- PCI
- PCIe
- PCI-X
4.NICs
5.Hard drives
6.Riser cards
7.RAID controllers
8.BIOS/UEFI
9.Firmware
10.USB interface/port
11.Hotswap vs. non-hotswap components
|
| Compare and contrast power and cooling components. | 1.Power- Voltage
110v vs. 220v vs. -48v
208v vs. 440v/460v/480v - Wattage
- Consumption
- Redundancy
- 1-phase vs. 3-phase power
- Plug types
NEMA
Edison
Twist lock
2.Cooling- Airflow
- Thermal dissipation
- Baffles/shrouds
- Fans
- Liquid cooling
|
Server Administration - 24% |
| Install and configure server operating systems. | 1.Determine server role/purpose
2.Update firmware
3.BIOS/UEFI configuration 4.Disk preparation - RAID setup
- Partitioning
- Formatting
- File system type
Ext 2, 3, 4
NTFS
FAT32
ReiserFS
UFS
VMFS
ZFS - Swap
5.Configure host name
6.Local account setup
7.Connect to network
8.Join domain/directory
9.Address security concerns- Patching
- OS hardening
- Compliance to company procedures/standards
10.Enable services
11.Install features/roles/applications/drivers
12.Performance baseline- Server optimization
- Swap or pagefile optimization
13.Unattended/remote installations- Deploying images and cloning
- Scripted installs
PXE boot
TFTP
|
| Compare and contrast server roles and requirements for each. | 1.Web server
2.Application server
3.Directory server
4.Database server
5. File server
6.Print server
7.Messaging server
8.Mail server
9.Routing and remote access server
10.Network services server |
| Given a scenario, use access and control methods to administer a server. | 1.Local hardware administration- KVM
- Serial
- Virtual administration console
2.Network-based hardware administration3. Network-based operating system administration- RDP
- SSH
- VNC
- Command line/shell
|
| Given a scenario, perform proper server maintenance techniques. | 1.Change management
2.Patch management- Operating system updates
- Application updates
- Security software updates
- Firmware updates
- Device drivers updates
- Compatibility lists
Operating systems
Hardware
Applications - Testing and validation
3.Outages and service level agreements- Scheduled downtime
- Unscheduled downtime
- Impact analysis
- Client notification
- MTTR
4.Performance monitoring- CPU utilization
- Memory utilization
- Network utilization
- Disk utilization
Disk IOPS
Storage capacity - Comparison against performance baseline
- Processes and services monitoring
- Log monitoring
5.Hardware maintenance- Check system health indicators
LEDs
Error codes
Beep codes
LCD messages - Replace failed components
Fans
Hard drives
RAM
Backplanes
Batteries - Preventive maintenance
Clearing dust
Check proper air flow - Proper shut down procedures
6. Fault tolerance and high availability techniques- Clustering
Active/active
Active/passive - Load balancing
Round robin
Heartbeat
|
| Explain the importance of asset management and documentation. | 1.Asset management- Licensing
- Labeling
- Warranty
- Life cycle management
Procurement
Usage
End of life
Disposal/recycling - Inventory
Make
Model
Serial number
Asset tag
2.Documentation- Service manuals
- Network diagrams
- Architecture diagrams
- Dataflow diagrams
- Recovery documentation
- Baseline documentation
- Change management policies
- Service level agreement
- Server configuration
3. Secure storage of sensitive documentation
|
| Explain the purpose and operation of virtualization components. | 1.Hosts and guests
2.Management interface for virtual machines
3.Hypervisor4.Hardware compatibility list- BIOS/UEFI compatibility and support
- CPU compatibility support
- AMD-V/Intel VT
5. Resource allocation between guest and host- CPU
- Storage
- Memory
- Network connectivity
Direct access (bridging) vs. NAT
Virtual NICs
Virtual switches - Video
|
Storage - 12% |
| Given a scenario, install and deploy primary storage devices based on given specifications and interfaces. | 1.Disk specifications- RPM
- Dimensions/form factor
- Capacity
- Bus width
- IOPS
- Seek time and latency
- Hotswap vs. non-hotswap components
2.Interfaces- SAS
- SATA
- SCSI
- USB
- Fibre channel
3.Hard drive vs. SSD
|
| Given a scenario, configure RAID using best practices. | 1. RAID levels and performance considerations2.Software vs. hardware RAID- Performance considerations
3.Configuration specifications - Capacity
- Bus types
- Drive RPM
4.Hotswap support and ramifications
5.Hot spare vs. cold spare
6.Array controller- Memory
- Battery backed cache
- Redundant controller
|
| Summarize hardware and features of various storage technologies. | 1.DAS
2.NAS3.SAN- iSCSI
- FCoE
- Fibre channel
- LUN and LUN masking
- HBAs and fabric switches
4.JBOD
5.Tape6.Optical drive
7.Flash, compact flash and USB drive
|
| Given a scenario, calculate appropriate storage capacity and plan for future growth. | 1. Base10 vs. Base2 disk size calculation (1000 vs. 1024)
2.Disk quotas
3.Compression
4.Capacity planning considerations- Operating system growth
Patches
Service packs
Log files
Temporary directories
Databases
Application servers
File servers
Archival
|
Security - 13% |
| Compare and contrast physical security methods and concepts. | 1.Multifactor authentication- Something you have
- Something you know
- Something you are
2.Security concepts- Mantrap
- RFID chip
- ID card
- Biometric
- Keypad
- Access list
- Security guard
- Security camera
- Keys and locks
Cabinet
Rack mount
Server - Safe
|
| Given a scenario, apply server hardening techniques. | 1.OS hardening- Stopping unneeded services/ closing unneeded ports
- Install only required software
- Install latest operating system patches
2.Application hardening- Install latest patches
- Disabling unneeded services/roles/features
3.Endpoint security4. Remediate security issues based on a vulnerability scan
5.Hardware hardening- Disabling unneeded hardware and physical ports/devices
- BIOS password
- Disable WOL (Wake on LAN)
- Setup boot order
- Chassis locks/intrusion detection
|
| Explain basic network security systems and protocols. | 1.Firewall2.Port security/802.1x/NAC
3.Router access list
4.NIDS
5.Authentication protocols6.PKI
- Private key
- Public key
- Certificate authority
- SSL/TLS
7.VPN
8.IPSec
9.VLAN
10. Security zones- DMZ
- Public and private
- Intranet and extranet
|
| Implement logical access control methods based on company policy. | 1.ACLs- Users
- Groups
Roles - Resources
File system
Network ACLs
Peripheral devices
Administrative rights
Distribution lists
2.Permissions- Read
- Write/modify
- Execute
- Delete
- Full control/superuser
- File vs. share
|
| Implement data security methods and secure storage disposal techniques. | 1.Storage encryption- File level encryption
- Disk encryption
- Tape encryption
2.Storage media- Soft wipe
File deletion - Hard wipe
Zero out all sectors
Physical destruction
Remote wipe
|
| Given a scenario, implement proper environmental controls and techniques. | 1.Power concepts and best practices- UPS
Runtime vs. capacity
Automated graceful shutdown of attached devices
Periodic testing of batteries
Maximum load
Bypass procedures
Remote management - PDU
Connect redundant rackPDUs to separate circuits - Capacity planning
PDU ratings
UPS ratings
Total potential power draw - Multiple circuits
Connect redundant power supplies to separate PDUs
2.Safety- ESD procedures
- Fire suppression
- Proper lifting techniques
- Rack stability
- Floor load limitations
- Sharp edges and pinch points
3.HVAC- Room and rack temperature and humidity
Monitoring and alert notifications - Air flow
Rack filler/baffle/blanking panels - Hot aisle and cold aisle
|
Networking - 10% |
| Given a scenario, configure servers to use IP addressing and network infrastructure services. | 1.IPv4 vs. IPv6
2.Default gateway
3.CIDR notation and subnetting
4.Public and private IP addressing
5.Static IP assignment vs. DHCP
6.DNS- FQDN
- Default domain suffix/search domain
7.WINS
8.NetBIOS
9.NAT/PAT
10.MAC addresses
11.Network Interface Card configuration- NIC teaming
- Duplexing
Full
Half
Auto - Speeds
10/100/1000 Mbps
10 Gbps
|
| Compare and contrast various ports and protocols. | 1. TCP vs. UDP2. SNMP 161
3. SMTP 25
4. FTP 20/21
5. SFTP 22
6. SSH 22
7. SCP 22
8.NTP 123
9. HTTP 80
10. HTTPS 443
11. TELNET 23
12. IMAP 143
13. POP3 110
14.RDP 3389
15.FTPS 989/990
16.LDAP 389/3268
17. DNS 53
18.DHCP 67/68 |
| Given a scenario, install cables and implement proper cable management procedures. | 1.Copper- Patch cables
Crossover
Straight through
Rollover
2.Fiber3.Connectors4.Cable placement and routing- Cable channels
- Cable management trays
Vertical
Horizontal
5.Labeling
6.Bend radius
7.Plenum cables
8.Cable ties
|
Disaster Recovery - 9% |
| Explain the importance of disaster recovery principles. | 1.Site types- Hot site
- Cold site
- Warm site
2.Replication methods- Disk-to-disk
- Server-to-server
- Site-to-site
3.Continuity of operations- Disaster recovery plan
- Business continuity plan
- Business impact analysis
Who is affected
What is affected
Severity of impact
|
| Given a scenario, implement appropriate backup techniques. | 1.Methodology- Full/normal
Copy - Incremental
- Differential
- Snapshot
- Selective
- Bare metal
- Open file
- Data vs. OS restore
2.Backup media- Linear access
Tape - Random access
Disk
Removable media
Optical media
3.Media and restore best practices- Labeling
- Integrity verification
- Test restorability
- Tape rotation and retention
4.Media storage location- Offsite
- Onsite
- Security considerations
- Environmental considerations
|
Troubleshooting - 20% |
| Explain troubleshooting theory and methodologies. | 1. Identify the problem and determine the scope- Question users/stakeholders and identify changes to the server/environment
- Collect additional documentation/logs
- If possible, replicate the problem as appropriate
- If possible, perform backups before making changes
2. Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious)- Determine whether there is a common element of symptom causing multiple problems
3.Test the theory to determine cause- Once theory is confirmed, determine next steps to resolve problem
- If theory is not confirmed, establish new theory or escalate
4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and notify impacted users
5. Implement the solution or escalate as appropriate- Make one change at a time and test/ confirm the change has resolved the problem
- If the problem is not resolved, reverse the change if appropriate and implement new change
6. Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures
7.Perform a root cause analysis
8. Document findings, actions and outcomes throughout the process
|
| Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot hardware problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods. | 1. Common problems- Failed POST
- Overheating
- Memory failure
- Onboard component failure
- Processor failure
- Incorrect boot sequence
- Expansion card failure
- Operating system not found
- Drive failure
- Power supply failure
- I/O failure
2.Causes of common problems- Third-party components or incompatible components
- Incompatible or incorrect BIOS
- Cooling failure
- Mismatched components
- Backplane failure
3.Environmental issues- Dust
- Humidity
- Temperature
- Power surge/failure
4.Hardware tools- Power supply tester (multimeter)
- Hardware diagnostics
- Compressed air
- ESD equipment
|
| Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot software problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods. | 1.Common problems- User unable to log on
- User cannot access resources
- Memory leak
- BSOD/stop
- OS boot failure
- Driver issues
- Runaway process
- Cannot mount drive
- Cannot write to system log
- Slow OS performance
- Patch update failure
- Service failure
- Hangs no shut down
- Users cannot print
2.Cause of common problems- User Account Control (UAC/SUDO)
- Corrupted files
- Lack of hard drive space
- Lack of system resources
- Virtual memory (misconfigured, corrupt)
- Fragmentation
- Print server drivers/services
- Print spooler
3.Software tools- System logs
- Monitoring tools (resource monitor, performance monitor)
- Defragmentation tools
- Disk property tools (usage, free space, volume or drive mapping)
|
| Given a scenario, effectively diagnose network problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods. | 1.Common problems- Internet connectivity failure
- Email failure
- Resource unavailable
- DHCP server misconfigured
- Non-functional or unreachable
- Destination host unreachable
- Unknown host
- Default gateway misconfigured
- Failure of service provider
- Cannot reach by host name/FQDN
2.Causes of common problems- Improper IP configuration
- VLAN configuration
- Port security
- Improper subnetting
- Component failure
- Incorrect OS route tables
- Bad cables
- Firewall (misconfiguration, hardware failure, software failure)
- Misconfigured NIC, routing/switch issues
- DNS and/or DHCP failure
- Misconfigured hosts file
- IPv4 vs. IPv6 misconfigurations
3.Networking tools- ping
- tracert/traceroute
- ipconfig/ifconfig
- nslookup
- net use/mount
- route
- nbtstat
- netstat
|
| Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot storage problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods. | 1.Common problems- Slow file access
- OS not found
- Data not available
- Unsuccessful backup
- Error lights
- Unable to mount the device
- Drive not available
- Cannot access logical drive
- Data corruption
- Slow I/O performance
- Restore failure
- Cache failure
- Multiple drive failure
2.Causes of common problems- Media failure
- Drive failure
- Controller failure
- HBA failure
- Loose connectors
- Cable problems
- Misconfiguration
- Improper termination
- Corrupt boot sector
- Corrupt file system table
- Array rebuild
- Improper disk partition
- Bad sectors
- Cache battery failure
- Cache turned off
- Insufficient space
- Improper RAID configuration
- Mismatched drives
- Backplane failure
3.Storage tools- Partitioning tools
- Disk management
- RAID array management
- Array management
- System logs
- Net use/mount command
- Monitoring tools
|
| Given a scenario, effectively diagnose security issues, selecting the appropriate tools and methods. | 1.Common problems- File integrity issue
- Privilege escalation
- Applications will not load
- Cannot access network file/shares
- Unable to open files
- Excessive access
- Excessive memory utilization
2.Causes of common problems- Open ports
- Active services
- Inactive services
- Intrusion detection configurations
- Anti-malware configurations
- Local/group policies
- Firewall rules
- Misconfigured permissions
- Virus infection
- Rogue processes/services
3.Security tools- Port scanners
- Sniffers
- Cipher
- Checksums
- Telnet client
- Anti-malware
|
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This subject focuses on your skills in describing a troubleshooting methodology and theory; efficiently troubleshooting hardware issues, selecting the relevant methods and tools depending on a particular scenario; efficiently troubleshooting software issues, selecting the relevant methods and tools depending on a particular scenario; efficiently determining network issues, selecting the relevant methods and tools depending on a particular scenario; efficiently troubleshooting storage issues, selecting the relevant methods and tools depending on a particular scenario; efficiently determining security issues, selecting efficiently determining depending on a particular scenario.
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